Sqlines oracle to postgresql

Sqlines oracle to postgresql. * SQLines Data - Data transfer, schema migration and validation tool * SQLines SQL . In PostgreSQL use can use the XPATH function, but note that the order of parameters is different. In PostgreSQL, OVERLAY function allows you to replace a substring starting at the specified position and having the specified length : PostgreSQL : -- Replace word Edison with Jefferson at 8 position, 6 characters long SELECT OVERLAY ('Thomas Edison was' PLACING 'Jefferson' FROM 8 FOR 6 In PostgreSQL, you can use SPLIT_PART function to returns n-th item from a delimited string: PostgreSQL: -- Return 3rd item from string delimited by comma SELECT SPLIT_PART ('San Francisco,Los Angeles,London,Monaco', ',', 3); # London. sql -a. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from IBM DB2 to PostgreSQL: * SQLines Data - Data transfer, schema migration and validation tool * SQLines SQL Converter - SQL scripts conversion tool Mar 9, 2013 · At the same time, TIMEOFDAY () functon returns the current date and time but the result is a string, so CAST (TIMEOFDAY () AS TIMESTAMP) expression is often used to return the current date and time as a timestamp value in PostgreSQL. Oracle SQL Server IBM DB2 MariaDB MySQL PostgreSQL Sybase Sybase ASA Informix Teradata PostgreSQL to MariaDB Migration SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored functions (procedures), triggers, queries and SQL scripts from PostgreSQL to MariaDB. Oracle 11g, 10g and 9i. DEFAULT statements (to Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL) Validating BIT values 0 and 1 with BOOLEAN values 'f' and 't' (Sybase ASA to PostgreSQL) Ordering rows using numeric, datetime and string columns for tables without unique keys or indexes (from Sybase ASA) No . SQLines tools can help you convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from PostgreSQL (Postgres) to Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL, MS SQL), Azure SQL, Azure Synapse and Fabric. 0x Constant (Empty binary string) EMPTY_CLOB. SQLData is a scalable, high performance data transfer, schema conversion and validation tool for Microsoft SQL Server to PostgreSQL migration. The query returns the name of the cursor, it does not output the rows of the result set. PostgreSQL: -- Update table T1 based on data from T2 and T3 tables UPDATE t1 SET c1 = t2. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from Informix to PostgreSQL. Mar 9, 2013 · At the same time, TIMEOFDAY () functon returns the current date and time but the result is a string, so CAST (TIMEOFDAY () AS TIMESTAMP) expression is often used to return the current date and time as a timestamp value in PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL also has the XMLAGG function, so no conversion is required. CREATE DATABASE name. MariaDB allows you to use Recursive Commom Table Expressions (CTE) to get the same functionality. To convert SQL statements and scripts, use SQLines SQL Converter tool. var := SQL %ROWCOUNT. name AS state. SQL Server to IBM DB2. SQLines SQL Converter is an open source tool (Apache License 2. The report contains information about data types used in the scripts: It also contains information about used built-in functions: SQLines SQL Converter - Command Line Reference. Now let's create a materialized view that retrieves cities and the full name of the state: Oracle : CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW cities_v. An Oracle stored procedure can return a cursor to the caller, for example: Oracle: -- Get list of employees for the specified department CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE getEmployeesByDept ( p_deptno IN emp. Both Oracle and PostgreSQL allows you to compare string and integer without explicit casting. SQLines converts SQL statements located in one or more files, not from a database. Convert one built-in data type into another. / sqlines -s =oracle -t =mysql -in =script. Migration to Redshift. 1. SQLines Data is a scalable, high performance data transfer, schema conversion and validation tool for Oracle to Microsoft SQL Server migration. id = t2. export PGSSLCERT=client-cert. SQLines Data tool migrates database schema (tables, constraints, indexes) and data, it does not convert views, stored procedures, functions, and triggers, please use SQLines SQL Converter to convert them. The tool requires connections to Oracle (OCI) and SQL Server ( SQL Server Native Client) databases. In Oracle you can use CONNECT BY PRIOR clause of the SELECT statement to build hierarchical queries. PostgreSQL allows you to use Recursive Commom Table Expressions (CTE) to get the same functionality. SQLines - Online SQL Conversion - SQL Scripts, DDL, Queries, Views, Stored Procedures, Triggers. It is a Perl-based open source tool specially developed to migrate schema, data from Oracle databases to PostgreSQL and understands both databases very well and can migrate any size data. id2 = t3. 3. Connection strings can be specified using the -sd and -td command line options. Sep 1, 2022 · DATEDIFF Function - SQL Server to PostgreSQL Migration. In Oracle the EXTRACT function allows you to extract content from XML using the specified XPATH expression. SQLines provides tools and services to help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, packages, functions, triggers, queries, SQL scripts and embedded SQL from various databases to PostgreSQL: * Migration from Oracle to PostgreSQL * Migration from IBM DB2 to PostgreSQL * Migration from Microsoft SQL Server to PostgreSQL * Migration from MySQL to PostgreSQL Although PostgreSQL does not provide DATEADD function similar to SQL Server, Sybase or MySQL, you can use datetime arithmetic with interval literals to get the same results. Oracle. 1. 11. To migrate data and database schema from a MySQL database to PostgreSQL use SQLines Data tool. Note. In PostgreSQL, you have to use various INTERVAL expressions. PostgreSQL: In Oracle the XMLAGG is an aggregate function that allows you to built XML from individual elements. name AS city, s. 5. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere, Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere (ASA) to PostgreSQL (Postgres). variable datatype := value. In Oracle, you have to use either INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH or INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND data type. 0) that allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, packages, functions and triggers between Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, MariaDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, IBM DB2, Sybase, Informix, Teradata, Greenplum and Netezza. id AND t2. COPY in PostgreSQL Assume there is the following table in PostgreSQL: SQLines Data is a scalable, high performance data transfer, schema conversion and validation tool for Informix to PostgreSQL migration. EMPTY_BLOB. Consider a sample table: CREATE TABLE cities (name VARCHAR (30)); -- Insert sample rows INSERT INTO cities VALUES ('Seville'); INSERT 4. SQLData is a scalable, high performance data transfer, schema conversion and validation tool for MySQL to PostgreSQL migration. Exit a cursor loop. AS SELECT c. If you need to connect to a remote Oracle database, you need to have Oracle OCI (Oracle Call Interface) installed in your system. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored functions (procedures), triggers, queries and SQL scripts from PostgreSQL to MariaDB. To enable SSL connection to PostgreSQL database server (i. SQL Server : In Oracle, you can use CONNECT BY PRIOR clause of the SELECT statement to build hierarchical queries. Oracle 21c, 19c, 18c, 12c and 11g R2. 0. FROM cities c, states s. If you need to connect to a localhost Oracle database you do not need to setup any additional libraries to use SQLines Data tool as they are already supplied with the Oracle server software. In Oracle the XMLTYPE function allows you to built XML element from a string. SQLData is a scalable, high performance data transfer, schema conversion and validation tool for Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise to PostgreSQL migration. c2 FROM t2, t3 WHERE t1. SQLines SQL Converter - SQL scripts conversion and assessment tool. deptno%TYPE, p_recordset OUT SYS_REFCURSOR ) AS BEGIN OPEN p_recordset FOR SELECT empno, ename FROM emp WHERE deptno = p_deptno ORDER BY ename; END getEmployeesByDept; / Feb 21, 2013 · In PostgreSQL, the INTERVAL data type stores date and time interval. PostgreSQL : # 2 years 5 mons 24 days. Hadoop to Redshift Netezza to Redshift Oracle to Redshift SQL Server to Redshift Teradata to Redshift Apr 18, 2018 · Ora2pg. About SQLines. EXIT WHEN cursor %NOTFOUND. Mar 29, 2024 · Here you can download SQLines tools: SQLines SQL Converter SQLines SQL Converter converts database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, packages, functions and triggers. Now you can extract years, multiple by 12 and extract months to get the interval in months: EXTRACT ( MONTH FROM AGE (TIMESTAMP '2013-03-11', TIMESTAMP '2010-09-17')) ; # 29. SQL Server: -- Add 1 day to the current date November 21, 2012 SELECT DATEADD(day, 1, GETDATE()); # 2012-11-22 17:22:01. x. Create an empty CLOB or NCLOB value. In Oracle the INSTR function allows you to find the position of substring in a string. SQLines provides tools and support to help you migrate databases and applications on-premise and cloud. Release Notes. In Oracle the JSON_TABLE function allows you to extract content from JSON using the specified JPATH expression and produce table rows and columns. variable := value. There are more than 100,000 unique users (in last 12 months) around the world who use our migration tools. SQL Server. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored functions (procedures), triggers, queries and SQL scripts from PostgreSQL (Postgres) to Oracle. After you purchase a license, please edit license. In Oracle, you can use UTL_FILE package and a cursor (or DBMS_SQL package) to write the data to a . SQLines SQL Converter converts database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, packages, functions and triggers from Oracle to PostgreSQL. SQLines SQL Converter tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, packages, functions and triggers between databases. Just add -a option to the command line: # Generate the assessment report. SET variable = value. Rows Generator One of the simplest use of CONNECT BY is to generate an Npgsql . Assignment statement. In Oracle you can have a pipelined table function that can return multiple records and can be used in the FROM clause: Oracle: -- Define the record type CREATE TYPE t_record AS OBJECT ( id NUMBER (7), name VARCHAR2 (50) ); / -- Define the table type CREATE TYPE t_table IS TABLE OF t For more information, see Oracle to PostgreSQL Migration . 2. SQL Server : -- Get difference in days SELECT DATEDIFF ( dd, '2022-09-01', '2022-09-06'); # 5. In PostgreSQL, you can take the difference in years, multiply by 12 and add the difference between month parts that SQLData Tool - Database Migration from Sybase ASE to PostgreSQL. SQLData is a scalable, high performance data transfer, schema conversion and validation tool for Oracle to PostgreSQL migration. In PostgreSQL use can use the LATERAL clause and JSON expressions. In SQL Server, you can use DATEDIFF function to get the datetime difference in specified units. DECLARE variable datatype DEFAULT value. Data and Analytics Platform Migration. For more information, please contact us at support@sqlines. Dec 7, 2021 · In Oracle, you can use the CREATE TRIGGER statement to define the trigger action as a PL/SQL program block. For example, the following query generates 5 rows: Consider SQL Server function to calculate the difference between 2 dates in months: SQL Server : -- Difference between Oct 02, 2011 and Jan 01, 2012 in months SELECT DATEDIFF ( month, '2011-10-02', '2012-01-01') ; -- Result: 3. Greenplum 4. SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, functions and triggers from PostgreSQL to Oracle. x and 10. 12. com. NET - Working with Result Sets. NET dependency. SQLines converts SQL scripts and standalone SQL statements. Migrating bigger size large objects can be expensive For more information, see Oracle to PostgreSQL Migration . Note that PostgreSQL supports different formats of interval literals, and in most cases you need to change them for Oracle. Why SQLines Data SQLines Data benefits: Scalability and High-Performance * Transferring tables in multiple concurrent sessions * Performing concurrent read and write operations in each session * Using Oracle OCI with SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, functions and triggers from PostgreSQL to Oracle. IF NOT FOUND THEN EXIT. WHERE c. Technical information on PostgreSQL migration (to/from). SQLines provides tools and services to help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, packages, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from Oracle to Greenplum. So this call can be converted to INSTR with 2 parameters in PostgreSQL: PostgreSQL : SELECT POSITION ('b' IN 'abcbcb') ; # 2. In PostgreSQL, the CREATE FUNCTION statement creates a user-defined function or stored procedure. DB2: -- Return 3 rows with 1 column in each row VALUES 1, 2, 3 SQLines tools can help you convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from PostgreSQL (Postgres) to Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL, MS SQL), Azure SQL, Azure Synapse and Fabric. 79 -- Wait 3 seconds SELECT pg_sleep ( 3) ; OVERLAY Function - PostgreSQL to Oracle Migration. SQLines SQL Converter - SQL Conversion and Assessment tool. Let's assume you need to call a procedure and output the result set in PSQL tool, pgAdmin Query tool or another function: SELECT show_cities (); The result: show_cities refcursor. id2; In PostgreSQL, you can use a COPY command to export data to a . Variable declaration. In PostgreSQL you have to use two statements CREATE FUNCTION SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, functions and triggers from Microsoft SQL Server to PostgreSQL. Both Oracle and PostgreSQL support SQLERRM variable that contains the error message for the last exception. csv file from a stored procedure (function in terms of PostgreSQL). Among our partners and customers: MariaDB. In PostgreSQL, OVERLAY function allows you to replace a substring starting at the specified position and having the specified length : PostgreSQL : -- Replace word Edison with Jefferson at 8 position, 6 characters long SELECT OVERLAY ('Thomas Edison was' PLACING 'Jefferson' FROM 8 FOR 6 SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere, Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere (ASA) to PostgreSQL (Postgres). id; When you select rows from cities_v Oracle does not need to perform a join: SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, functions and triggers from MySQL to PostgreSQL. c1, c2 = 'Text ' || t3. Connection strings are required to specify the connection information for the source and target databases in SQLines Data tool. Connection to SQL Server using ODBC PostgreSQL : Both queries produce the same result: For more information, see IBM DB2 to PostgreSQL Migration . SQLines provides tools to help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, packages, user-defined functions (UDFs), triggers, SQL queries, SQL scripts between different database platforms. You can run SQLines from a command line. SELECT CAST ( TIMEOFDAY () AS TIMESTAMP) ; # 2013-03-09 10:36:23. The tool requires connections to Informix (ODBC/CLI without ODBC Manager) and PostgreSQL (libpq C API) databases. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, packages, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from Oracle to Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL, MS SQL), Azure SQL and Azure Synapse. 000000000 PM EST. PostgreSQL : name VARCHAR( 70), ordered TIMESTAMP, In Oracle the JSON_TABLE function allows you to extract content from JSON using the specified JPATH expression and produce table rows and columns. Connection to Oracle using Oracle OCI. Databases: Designed for DBAs and Enterprise-Class Migrations. 423 Oracle SQL Server IBM DB2 MariaDB MySQL PostgreSQL Sybase Sybase ASA Informix Teradata PostgreSQL to MySQL Migration SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored functions (procedures), triggers, queries and SQL scripts from PostgreSQL to MySQL. SQLines provides tools to help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, packages, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from Oracle to MariaDB. Rows Generator One of the simplest use of CONNECT BY is to generate an arbitrary number of rows. To migrate data and database schema from an Oracle database to PostgreSQL use SQLData tool. The tool converts SQL scripts and standalone SQL statements from one or more files, it does not require database connections. To convert SQL statements and scripts, use SQLines tool. SQLines SQL Converter converts database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements Sep 12, 2011 · You can use two subsequent AT TIME ZONE operators to convert a time stamp value from one time zone into another in Oracle and PostgreSQL: Oracle: -- Convert from UTC time zone to EST SELECT (TIMESTAMP '2021-09-24 21:12:11' AT TIME ZONE 'UTC') AT TIME ZONE 'EST' FROM dual; # 24-SEP-21 04. No installation required. In PostgreSQL you can use multiple SELECT statements with UNION ALL operator. Note that error messages for the same errors can be different. /sqldata : export PGSSLMODE=require. e. Google Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL), set the following environment variables before running . MySQL to Hive Oracle to Hive Redshift to Hive SQL Server to Hive Teradata to Hive An Oracle stored procedure can return a cursor to the caller, for example: Oracle: -- Get list of employees for the specified department CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE getEmployeesByDept ( p_deptno IN emp. 4, compiled by Visual C++ build 1500, 32-bit. PostgreSQL. In PostgreSQL you can use STRING_AGG function. SQLines Data - Data transfer, schema migration and validation tool. export PGSSLKEY=client-key. Mar 11, 2013 · In PostgreSQL, you can use EXTRACT and AGE functions to get the interval between 2 timestamps in months . SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, functions and triggers from Microsoft SQL Server to PostgreSQL. Oracle: -- Single XML element SELECT XMLTYPE ('<employee>John</employee>') FROM dual About SQLines. In PostgreSQL, you can update rows of a table based on data from other tables using the FROM clause. * SQLines SQL Converter - SQL Conversion and Assessment tool * SQLines Data - Data Transfer, Schema Migration and Validation tool SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, functions and triggers from MySQL to PostgreSQL. state = s. DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] table. It accepts 2, 3 or 4 parameters. deptno%TYPE, p_recordset OUT SYS_REFCURSOR ) AS BEGIN OPEN p_recordset FOR SELECT empno, ename FROM emp WHERE deptno = p_deptno ORDER BY ename; END getEmployeesByDept; / SQLData Tool - Database Migration from SQL Server to PostgreSQL. Create an empty BLOB value. SQLines Features and Licensing. For more information, see Oracle to PostgreSQL Migration . CREATE FUNCTION for a Stored Procedure If a PostgreSQL function does not return any value i. pem. You could leave a comment if you were logged in. The tool allows you to move and validate the migration of large volumes of data and database schema within the shortest Empty String and NULL. SQLines tool allows you to convert database schema (DDL), queries and DML statements, views, stored procedures, packages, functions and triggers from Oracle to PostgreSQL. Databases: MariaDB 11. For more information, see SQLines Data Command Line Reference . The tool allows you to move and validate the migration of large volumes of data and database schema within the shortest possible time frame. But PostgreSQL requires the explicit casting if a built-in function is involved: Oracle: -- Implicit casting to compare string and integer SELECT 't' FROM dual WHERE '0' < 1; # t -- Implicit In PostgreSQL, you can use SPLIT_PART function to returns n-th item from a delimited string: PostgreSQL: -- Return 3rd item from string delimited by comma SELECT SPLIT_PART ('San Francisco,Los Angeles,London,Monaco', ',', 3); # London. Sybase SQL Anywhere to PostgreSQL Migration. Source: Select Athena Databricks Google BigQuery Greenplum Hive IBM DB2 Informix Impala MariaDB Microsoft SQL Server MySQL Netezza Oracle PostgreSQL Presto Redshift SAP HANA SingleStore Snowflake Spark SQL Sybase ASE Sybase SQL Anywhere Sybase Informix to PostgreSQL Migration. In SQL Server you still can use the CHARINDEX function by changing the order of first 2 parameters. txt supplied with SQLines tool and specify your name and the license key. Note that PostgreSQL SPLIT_PART function returns empty string (not NULL) if the delimiter of n-th item was not Connect to a PostgreSQL database, and execute version () function to find out the PostgreSQL version: -- Define the PostgreSQL version SELECT version (); The query returns (a sample output that depends on the system): version. Office. In both PostgreSQL and Oracle, the TIMESTAMP data type stores date and time data (year, month, day, hour, minute, second and fractional second). export PGSSLROOTCERT=server-ca. Data Types * INT, INTEGER * SERIAL * TEXT How To - Data Definition (DDL) * Generate IDs (Auto-increment, Identity) * OID Columns (Table with OIDS) * Create User Defined Type (UDT) SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, PL/ SQL stored procedures, functions, packages, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from Oracle to MySQL. COPY in PostgreSQL Assume there is the following table in PostgreSQL: 1. In PostgreSQL you can use the XMLPARSE function. OVERLAY Function - PostgreSQL to Oracle Migration. defined as RETURNS void, you can convert it to a stored procedure in Oracle: SQLData Tool - Database Migration from MySQL to PostgreSQL. CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] name. In Oracle you can use LISTAGG function to concatenate strings from multiple rows into a single row value. Get affected rows. <unnamed portal 1>. SQLines offers services and tools to help you migrate databases and applications. INSTR with 3 parameters starts searching the specified substring from the specified position of string: Oracle : -- Find substring in string starting from 3 position SELECT INSTR ('abcb', 'b', 3) FROM dual; # 4. Ora2pg is THE OPTION if you are intending to migrate the data from Oracle database to PostgreSQL. In Oracle, you can use CREATE FUNCTION and CREATE PROCEDURE statements. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from Microsoft SQL Server (MSSQL, MS SQL), Azure SQL Database, Azure Synapse to PostgreSQL (Postgres). SQLines Data is a high performance data transfer, schema conversion and migration validation tool that supports major enterprise databases: * Oracle * Microsoft SQL Server * MySQL * MariaDB * PostgreSQL * IBM DB2 LUW, iSeries (AS/400) and zSeries (S/390) * Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise, Sybase SQL Anywhere, Sybase IQ and Sybase Advantage * Informix You can use SQLines SQL Converter to generate an assessment report in sqlines_report. PostgreSQL 9. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures and functions, triggers, queries, embedded SQL statements and SQL scripts from MariaDB to Oracle. Consider the following sample table: CREATE TABLE cities_json ( id INT, data VARCHAR( 100)) ; . For example, the following query generates 5 rows: In PostgreSQL, you can use a COPY command to export data to a . Why SQLines Data SQLines Data benefits: Scalability and High-Performance * Transferring tables in multiple concurrent sessions * Performing concurrent read and write Data and Analytics Platform Migration. SQLines tools can help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures and functions, triggers, queries and SQL scripts from MySQL to PostgreSQL (Postgres). csv file. GET DIAGNOSTICS var = ROW_COUNT. CAST. 2 and 4. In DB2 you can use the VALUES statement to return one or more rows with one or more columns. Note that PostgreSQL SPLIT_PART function returns empty string (not NULL) if the delimiter of n-th item was not You can also build a complete XML element as follows: Oracle : PostgreSQL : For more information, see Oracle to PostgreSQL Migration . html file. SQLines provides tools and services to help you transfer data, convert database schema (DDL), views, stored procedures, packages, functions, triggers, queries, SQL scripts and embedded SQL from various databases to PostgreSQL: * Migration from Oracle to PostgreSQL * Migration from IBM DB2 to PostgreSQL * Migration from Microsoft SQL Server to PostgreSQL * Migration from MySQL to PostgreSQL In Oracle the EXTRACT function allows you to extract content from XML using the specified XPATH expression. You can also try it Online. hc lz db kp hs dg df tk bl ze